1) False Lightning Sensor Data
The so-called monitoring system cables have a “thunder voltage†of several tens of kilovolts, and lightning protection devices “need to have several thousand or several tens of thousands of ampere-hours of discharge capacityâ€, which should be based on the “manual lightning protection†Point grounding, the introduction of ground potential and grid surge data, which is a false data with the lightning electromagnetic induction wind horse cattle. "Surge" and "earth surge protector" are originally terms and concepts of the power grid system. Now "professional lightning protection" confuses it with lightning induction. Moreover, it simply puts the "grounded surge protection" of the power system. The device is used directly as a "lightning arrester" for weak systems.
There is also a type of lightning-sensing calculation formula given by “professional lightning protectionâ€. The calculated data is also a “lightning shock wave†of several tens of kilovolts. This is the data that is put together in the absence of a basic understanding of the ground potential, and brings together the data. The lightning-sensing "hat" is to search for "reasonable arguments" for the sales of "earth lightning protectors" and "grounded surge protectors." Reflects these people have no basic understanding of the nature of lightning induction.
2) Qualitative analysis of lightning electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic induction
Thundercloud discharge process is mainly the energy consumption of thermal energy, light energy, mechanical energy, and sonic energy. The “electromagnetic radiation energy†of lightning current is only a small part of the total energy of lightning. Lightning induction refers only to the "electromagnetic radiation" energy actually received by a certain cable. There is a certain "electromagnetic coupling relationship" between "radiation" and "reception". This "electromagnetic coupling relationship" is affected and limited by many factors:
1. Spectrum effect: Only high frequency can form effective radiation, while high frequency radiation is only the higher harmonic component of lightning current, not belonging to the main energy spectrum range of lightning;
2. Antenna efficiency and electromagnetic radiation of lightning currents: Electromagnetic radiation is closely related to the size and wavelength (frequency) of the antenna structure. The antenna efficiency for strict design and precision machining is around 50 to 70%. Different harmonic frequencies, different lightning rod heights, and equivalent "antenna lengths" with different inter-cloud discharge currents are unlikely to have a good matching relationship with harmonic frequencies, so the actual lightning current electromagnetic radiation is of low efficiency and super Inefficient electromagnetic radiation; the same reason, "receiver antenna" also has the best frequency and size matching problem, the best match to achieve high efficiency reception, apparently monitor the cable as an "antenna" to receive lightning radiation is also inefficient, ultra-low Efficient "receiving antenna".
3. Directional effect: The radiation direction of the lightning current electromagnetic radiation energy is similar to the "omnidirectional radiation" of the spherical wave free space, corresponding to the "stereoscopic" radiation energy of a cable area and direction, but only in the total radiation power. A small amount, and the intensity of the radiated power is also inversely proportional to the square of the distance. In other words, the directionality of lightning electromagnetic radiation and cable reception basically has the characteristics of "omnidirectional low gain".
4. Polarization effects: The electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation source have a certain “polarization direction†(the direction of the change of the electric field strength vector E), and the receiving cable also has a problem of the direction of polarization received. For example, the discharge current of the lightning rod body is mainly "vertical", and its radiation field polarization direction (E) is also a "vertically polarized wave". Only vertical poles and ground lines can effectively receive this "vertical polarization". "Waves", while horizontal cables, basically do not receive such "vertically polarized wave" energy. This is the effect of polarization; both the cable reception and the direction of polarization of the lightning radiation are random factors, actually "polarization". Attenuation is very large, and the energy actually received is also a tiny amount.
Taking into account the above-mentioned various limiting factors, we can draw the following concept: The energy of lightning electromagnetic radiation to free space is only a fraction of the total energy of the lightning discharge, due to insurmountable factors such as frequency spectrum, radiation efficiency, directionality, and polarization. Impact, the actual lightning energy received by the cable and the total energy of the lightning is more "super tiny"; the so-called tens of kilovolts and tens of thousands of amps of data on the cable is against the laws of science.
"Thunder and lightning electromagnetic pulse", "lightning shock wave", "lightning wave", "surge voltage", "surge current", "lightning overvoltage", "lightning overcurrent" and many other description vocabulary are also some whimsical languages. Is not a classic technical language.
In accordance with the calculation formula given in a “Professional Lightning Protection†article, the author calculated a lightning surge “overvoltage, overcurrent†and “total energy†of a cable in a office building against a discharge lightning rod, which was actually discharged from the lightning rod. The total energy is also many times larger; the "professional formula" given is actually not related to any of the above-mentioned limitations, and is typical of the "followed by amateurs."
A lot of life practice tells us that during thunderstorms watching TV at home can see occasional flashes of lightning interference, and can also hear thunder and cough sounds from telephones and radios. The so-called cases of lightning-burning of household appliances, burning of security equipment, and melting of video cables have caused most of the cases where lightning strikes have caused grid faults and caused grid power surges to be destroyed.
In the early years, the author had seen several narrow-beam radars with hundreds of kilowatts and megawatts of power levels. When the wave speed came, strong electromagnetic fields could turn on indoor fluorescent lights or brighten high-pressure xenon lamps but never saw them on the head. The thunder and lightning electromagnetic field turns on the fluorescent light and the street light. If the lightning sensor really has dozens or hundreds of kilovolts, thousands of amperes, and several tens of kiloamps of amperes, the fluorescent lamps will not only light, but they will be destroyed in batches.
The conclusion is that the actual "thunderstorm sensing" energy received on the cable is not as large as the "tens of kilovolts" and "tens of thousands of amps" described by "professional lightning protection." It is only one of the total energy of lightning. The tiny amount, in essence, is not a unipolar charge, but an alternating induced electromotive force, which can be equivalent to the middle of the cable and has nothing to do with the earth. The "surge protectors" used in power grid systems actually require "tens of kilovolts" and "tens of kiloamps" of protective performance. This is used to cope with power grid surges and requires grounding to discharge surge currents. , Lightning induction and the grid "surge" compared to far less than a panic. The use of a grounded "surge protector" as a "lightning arrester" for a lightning-sensitive lightning system can only be a "modern technology joke".
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