At present, there are 14 countries with annual output of stone mines exceeding 1 million tons. According to statistics in 2006, there are 4 countries with annual output exceeding 10 million tons, of which China still ranks first with an annual output of 21 million tons, followed by India. Italy and Iran. Since 2002, the annual growth rates of these four countries have steadily increased, but not much. It is worth noting that in Turkey, its stone block production in 2002 was 3.15 million tons. By 2006, it had soared to 9.4 million tons, which was doubled. In the ranking of international stone production, it was ranked in Spain and Brazil in 2002. After the 7th place, it surpassed Spain and Brazil in 2006 and ranked 5th. What is more noteworthy is that Turkey has ranked first in the export of marble blocks and processed products from major countries and regions in the world from 2004 to 2006. Both the output and the annual growth rate are far ahead of the original marble exporting countries. Italy. The reason is mainly that in recent years, Turkey has strengthened the research work of the stone industry, and the universities have carried out research on marble sawing tools and processes. Looking at the competition in the international stone market has shifted from price competition and product quality competition to shortening the competition in delivery. With the development of industrial technology, stone sawing machinery, tools and processes in the international stone industry have made great progress.
1 stone sawing machine
As we all know, the production of blocks from stone mines and processing into sheets and the production of various stone products are inseparable from stone sawing machinery. Faced with fierce competition in the international stone market, stone machinery manufacturers have to consider how to optimize their products in order to have a place in the market. The current development trend of stone sawing machinery has the following aspects.
1.1 Further popularization of diamond bead wire saws in stone mining
After the diamond bead wire saw has achieved fruitful application in marble mining, it has been used more and more in the mining of granite and other hard stone mines. In addition to mining blocks, it is also used for cutting materials to reduce the volume and weight of block transportation, and also provides a fixed-size block for other machining.
1.2 Fixed diamond bead wire saw to multi-channel diamond bead rope and computer numerical control development
At present, most of the larger stone processing enterprises are increasingly using computer numerically controlled diamond bead wire saws to cut stone blocks into plates or special specifications of stone products. However, in order to saw the plates of different thicknesses, it is necessary to have a sawing machine that can easily adjust the pitch mechanism of the diamond bead ropes, which requires a large investment. The most economical and reasonable way is to equip the diamond bead wire saw, frame saw and circular saw blade saw according to the type of stone products, and use the three to complement each other.
1.3 Bridge sawing machine to multi-purpose development
No matter what kind of stone products are produced, bridge sawing machines are indispensable equipment. The new bridge sawing machine not only has versatility, but also can be fully automated with computer control. It can be programmed with an office PC or an external computer-aided design program. Processing steps.
On a conventional bridge saw, the drive shaft of the circular saw blade is fixed in one direction and the workpiece is placed on a rotatable table. Today, more and more manufacturers no longer use the rotary table solution, but instead use a saw blade drive that changes the sawing orientation. The advantage is that the sawing precision can be improved without rotating the weight of the workbench.
Many manufacturers have also developed bridge sawing machines that can use a variety of processing tools, and can use both drilling tools and forming tools to achieve a multi-purpose machine.
1.4 Stone Processing Center
The so-called machining center refers to a multi-process automatic CNC machine tool that can continuously complete several process operations.
At present, the intense price competition and the shortened delivery time of stone and architectural decorative stone products in the international stone market have further promoted the export of Italian decorative stone sawing, grinding and polishing machinery and machining centers. Mainly two types of machinery, namely the three-coordinate shaft system and the five-coordinate shaft sawing machine. In addition to the X, Y, Z coordinate axes, the latter also has a rotating axis C, and the tool can surround the vertical axis. Rotate, while the A-axis tilts the tool at any angle to facilitate the processing of the tombstone's bevel.
With the development of the stone mechanical control system, the mechanical structure is also more perfect. For example, a height-adjustable dust suction mechanism can remove sawdust downwards without affecting the subsequent process. In addition, when machining the surface, the tool spindle or table can be automatically tilted to drain the coolant and sawdust into the sump.
Computer numerical control machining centers are mostly multi-functional, and the requirements for operators are getting higher and higher. To this end, some stone machinery manufacturers are also developing operating systems that are easy to control with personal computers, minimizing auxiliary work time. In short, the trend is to automate the entire production line.
At present, there are great market demands for kitchen operation panels and other products made of stone. The processing of such operation panels often requires the cutting of the shaped holes for the installation of the pool and the stove, and the processing includes some standard procedures and special procedures. To this end, existing stone machinery manufacturers have combined the automatic control of the bridge sawing machine with the machining center to form an automated production line for products such as kitchen operation panels.
1.5 Special machinery for processing three-dimensional workpieces
Combining the advantages of both the bridge sawing machine and the multi-process automatic CNC machine tool, the workbench can be moved into the machining position from all directions, and the large-diameter circular saw blade can be used. The transmission bracket can be rotated to different directions and equipped with The tool magazine can automatically change different processing tools, and can assemble various three-dimensional workpieces by assembling appropriate guide rails on the X, Y and Z coordinate axes.
2 stone processing tools
In stone processing, sawing machines and grinding, polishing and other processing machinery are new and require a variety of different types of diamond tools. The current development trend requires diamond tools to have a long working life, fast working speed, low vibration and low noise. The most commonly used and used in the stone industry are diamond saw blades and diamond beaded ropes. The performance of these two tools has been continuously improved in recent years.
2.1 diamond circular saw blade
When the diamond circular saw blade is activated, the diamond blade is required to enter the normal and efficient working state as soon as possible. In order to shorten this process, the new diamond circular saw blade is mostly improved in the structural design of the diamond cutter head.
The diamond cutter head is made into a stepped shape or a flat cone shape to reduce the amount of wear on both sides of the cutter head, reduce power consumption and help reduce vibration and noise. The top width of the flat tapered section head is generally about 2 mm smaller than the bottom width. This type of saw blade has high-speed sawing performance when it first enters the sawing state.
The streamlined cutter head is formed in an arc shape at the front end of the diamond cutter head in the direction of rotation, which reduces the resistance and reduces the periodic impact load when sawing. A plurality of streamlined grooves are formed on both sides of the cutter head to reduce the frictional resistance of the cutter head, improve the cooling effect, and facilitate the discharge of sawdust, thereby improving the sawing performance.
In addition, the use of a new type of binder in the sintered material of the diamond cutter head can change the performance of the cutter head carcass, so that the diamond cutter head has a broad-spectrum sawing performance, and is suitable for sawing various soft and hard stone materials.
2.2 diamond bead rope
It has been proven that the geometry of the diamond bead can affect the sawing performance of the diamond bead cord. At present, there is a new type of double convex circular diamond bead, which is formed by diamond injection molding technology on a diamond bead cylinder. Compared with the traditional diamond beaded rope, this new type of diamond beaded rope can increase the sawing speed and reduce the cost of sawing, but the service life is slightly reduced. It is important to use diamond injection molding technology to create other diamond beads with more complex shapes, which provides the possibility to improve the sawing performance of diamond bead ropes. Changing the diamond bead shape is one of the key technologies to improve the sawing performance of diamond bead ropes.
Factors Affecting the Service Life of Diamond Beads In addition to the quality of the diamond, the composition of the diamond beaded carcass, the proportion and the sintering process, the abrasion of sawdust and coolant is also an important factor. In order to prevent the sawdust and the coolant from abrading the beaded rope, the current technical measures are plasticizing treatment, that is, a flexible material such as a thin layer of rubber is coated on the outer surface of the beaded rope, and the diamond bead is bonded and fixed at a certain interval. An elastic wear-resistant material, such as a rubber or resin material, is molded between the diamond beads to form a spacer between the beads to replace the steel coil spring spacer. This plasticizing treatment also changes the rigid contact between the diamond bead and the steel cord and between the diamond bead and the metal spacer to a flexible contact, which enhances the overall flexibility of the diamond bead rope and reduces the bending stress of the diamond bead rope, thereby Increased service life. At the same time, it also improves the force of the diamond on the diamond bead, reduces the chipping and falling off of the diamond, and improves the sawing efficiency.
3 stone sawing process
Experimental studies on single diamond fractured rock show that the working speed of diamond can be as high as 40m/s. It can be seen that the various diamond tools currently used in the stone industry are far from fully exploiting their potential performance. In the international stone processing and import and export trade, marble and granite have always been the bulk products, so the research on the sawing process of marble and granite has been highly valued. Moreover, the stone sawing process also involves the reduction of production costs and the effective use of stone resources.
Study on 3.2.1 marble sawing process
Diamond beaded rope has been used in the sawing of marble for more than 20 years. In order to study its best working conditions and effective sawing parameters, Haccttepe University of Turkey has recently designed an experimental diamond bead wire saw to automatically detect the sawing process. The parameters in the data are stored and analyzed by means of a computer automated program.
Studying the best working conditions of diamond bead wire saws should first analyze the factors affecting the efficiency of the saw blade. Some factors are uncontrollable and some are controllable. The former includes the properties of the stone to be sawed, such as hardness, strength, homogeneity, mineral composition and structural characteristics. The latter includes sawing power, sawing (horizontal or vertical), sawing speed, sawing angle and sawing angle, structure and technical performance of the diamond bead rope, and operator skills. Multivariate statistical analysis of these factors and changes in controllable factors to cope with uncontrollable factors can obtain the best working condition of the diamond bead rope, thereby improving the sawing efficiency and reducing the sawing cost. Using the above-mentioned experimental diamond bead wire saw with sensor and computer automatic program to carry out sawing experiments on different types of marble, the best sawing conditions can be determined, the masonability grading system of marble can be established, and different types of diamonds can be identified. The effect of beaded structure on sawing performance.
3.2 Granite sawing process research
Due to the fierce competition in the international stone market, especially the granite slabs are widely used for the exterior wall finishes of high-rise buildings, the technical requirements should be strict, far from the granite blocks that can be mined by the drilling method. To this end, the use of diamond bead rope to mine granite blocks and sawing granite plates is inevitably subject to the attention of various stone industry countries. The research content includes improving the yield and block quality of block mining, reducing the cost of sawing, promoting accurate and non-destructive sawing process, minimizing the loss of stone resources and destroying the ecological environment.
In the practice of diamond bead wire sawing granite, the direct factor affecting the sawing performance is the sawing parameters, mainly the linear speed of the diamond bead rope, the sawing rate and the sawing angle. Another factor that cannot be ignored is the bending of the diamond bead rope, which tends to aggravate the wear of the diamond bead rope due to the edge effect.
Studies have shown that the larger the sawing angle (the angle between the diamond bead rope and the horizontal plane), the greater the sawing speed (mZ/m), and the increased sawing rate reduces the life of the diamond bead rope, which is represented by diamond beads. The area (mZ/m) of the rope cut per meter length is reduced. However, at the same sawing rate, when the linear speed of the diamond bead rope is 25m/s, the life is lower than this value (20m / s) and longer than this value (30m / s). some.
As the sawing rate increases, the power consumption will increase, but when the line speed is 25m/s, the increase is smaller than the line speed of 20m/s or 30m/s.
It can be seen from the correlation between the above sawing parameters that the life of the diamond bead rope decreases as its line speed, sawing rate, power consumption and sawing angle increase. It should be noted that when the saw blade speed is constant, the increase of the speed of the diamond bead rope is beneficial to the improvement of its life. However, after the optimum value is reached, the line speed is further increased and the life is reduced. Although the increase of the saw angle is beneficial to the improvement of the sawing rate, it also leads to an increase in the wear of the diamond bead rope. It can be seen that the excessive pursuit of the sawing rate will inevitably reduce the service life of the diamond bead rope, that is, the excessive consumption of the diamond bead rope, that is, the cost increases. However, increasing the sawing rate also reduces the cost of power, labor, and the like. Therefore, the best value of the sawing rate with the lowest total cost should be obtained through cost analysis.
3.3 Slate sawing process research
Slate is a kind of metamorphic rock with very fine particles. The slab is developed. The slab is peeled into a hard sheet with a smooth surface. It is widely used as a roofing material in European countries such as the United Kingdom. For a long time, this slate roofing material has been produced by manual splitting method, and the yield is extremely low, and the market is in short supply. There is a slate mine in North Wales, England. The annual mining volume is 2.5 million tons. Only 20,000 tons of roofing materials can be produced by traditional artificial smashing method. The waste of resources can be seen. To this end, the mine was converted to a modern sawing process using a multi-piece diamond circular sawing machine for sawing. The original slate blocks that were not well-organized can not be processed by hand-split method. Now they can be processed by sawing method. The remaining materials in the production process can also be sawed into stone products for building components and interior decoration. The scrap rate is reduced by 20%. %, so that the mining life of the slate mine is from 40 years to 200 years, and the delivery time of the finished product is shortened, the quality of the finished product is improved, and the finished product size can be increased to 50em×30em.
The slate blocks mined from the mine were first sawn into a 54 cm x 34 cm x 45 cm block of the required length and width using a bridge saw. Then, a multi-piece circular saw blade was used to saw a sheet having a thickness of 53 mm in the direction of the cleavage, and the scrap rate generated at this time was about 35%. Finally, a 53 mm thick sheet was cut into two thicknesses of 8 mm by a horizontal circular saw blade and sawn into 50 cm × 30 cm square, four sides chamfered, and the surface was treated by flame method. It has the natural appearance of hand-sand slate roofing tiles.
The strength of the slate is not very high. It is a relatively advanced sawing process to saw a plate with a thickness of only 8 mm by a horizontal sawing method using a diamond circular saw blade. Furthermore, 35% of the scrap produced in the secondary sawing is used as agglomerate or filler after crushing, which improves the comprehensive utilization of stone resources and is worth learning.
1 stone sawing machine
As we all know, the production of blocks from stone mines and processing into sheets and the production of various stone products are inseparable from stone sawing machinery. Faced with fierce competition in the international stone market, stone machinery manufacturers have to consider how to optimize their products in order to have a place in the market. The current development trend of stone sawing machinery has the following aspects.
1.1 Further popularization of diamond bead wire saws in stone mining
After the diamond bead wire saw has achieved fruitful application in marble mining, it has been used more and more in the mining of granite and other hard stone mines. In addition to mining blocks, it is also used for cutting materials to reduce the volume and weight of block transportation, and also provides a fixed-size block for other machining.
1.2 Fixed diamond bead wire saw to multi-channel diamond bead rope and computer numerical control development
At present, most of the larger stone processing enterprises are increasingly using computer numerically controlled diamond bead wire saws to cut stone blocks into plates or special specifications of stone products. However, in order to saw the plates of different thicknesses, it is necessary to have a sawing machine that can easily adjust the pitch mechanism of the diamond bead ropes, which requires a large investment. The most economical and reasonable way is to equip the diamond bead wire saw, frame saw and circular saw blade saw according to the type of stone products, and use the three to complement each other.
1.3 Bridge sawing machine to multi-purpose development
No matter what kind of stone products are produced, bridge sawing machines are indispensable equipment. The new bridge sawing machine not only has versatility, but also can be fully automated with computer control. It can be programmed with an office PC or an external computer-aided design program. Processing steps.
On a conventional bridge saw, the drive shaft of the circular saw blade is fixed in one direction and the workpiece is placed on a rotatable table. Today, more and more manufacturers no longer use the rotary table solution, but instead use a saw blade drive that changes the sawing orientation. The advantage is that the sawing precision can be improved without rotating the weight of the workbench.
Many manufacturers have also developed bridge sawing machines that can use a variety of processing tools, and can use both drilling tools and forming tools to achieve a multi-purpose machine.
1.4 Stone Processing Center
The so-called machining center refers to a multi-process automatic CNC machine tool that can continuously complete several process operations.
At present, the intense price competition and the shortened delivery time of stone and architectural decorative stone products in the international stone market have further promoted the export of Italian decorative stone sawing, grinding and polishing machinery and machining centers. Mainly two types of machinery, namely the three-coordinate shaft system and the five-coordinate shaft sawing machine. In addition to the X, Y, Z coordinate axes, the latter also has a rotating axis C, and the tool can surround the vertical axis. Rotate, while the A-axis tilts the tool at any angle to facilitate the processing of the tombstone's bevel.
With the development of the stone mechanical control system, the mechanical structure is also more perfect. For example, a height-adjustable dust suction mechanism can remove sawdust downwards without affecting the subsequent process. In addition, when machining the surface, the tool spindle or table can be automatically tilted to drain the coolant and sawdust into the sump.
Computer numerical control machining centers are mostly multi-functional, and the requirements for operators are getting higher and higher. To this end, some stone machinery manufacturers are also developing operating systems that are easy to control with personal computers, minimizing auxiliary work time. In short, the trend is to automate the entire production line.
At present, there are great market demands for kitchen operation panels and other products made of stone. The processing of such operation panels often requires the cutting of the shaped holes for the installation of the pool and the stove, and the processing includes some standard procedures and special procedures. To this end, existing stone machinery manufacturers have combined the automatic control of the bridge sawing machine with the machining center to form an automated production line for products such as kitchen operation panels.
1.5 Special machinery for processing three-dimensional workpieces
Combining the advantages of both the bridge sawing machine and the multi-process automatic CNC machine tool, the workbench can be moved into the machining position from all directions, and the large-diameter circular saw blade can be used. The transmission bracket can be rotated to different directions and equipped with The tool magazine can automatically change different processing tools, and can assemble various three-dimensional workpieces by assembling appropriate guide rails on the X, Y and Z coordinate axes.
2 stone processing tools
In stone processing, sawing machines and grinding, polishing and other processing machinery are new and require a variety of different types of diamond tools. The current development trend requires diamond tools to have a long working life, fast working speed, low vibration and low noise. The most commonly used and used in the stone industry are diamond saw blades and diamond beaded ropes. The performance of these two tools has been continuously improved in recent years.
2.1 diamond circular saw blade
When the diamond circular saw blade is activated, the diamond blade is required to enter the normal and efficient working state as soon as possible. In order to shorten this process, the new diamond circular saw blade is mostly improved in the structural design of the diamond cutter head.
The diamond cutter head is made into a stepped shape or a flat cone shape to reduce the amount of wear on both sides of the cutter head, reduce power consumption and help reduce vibration and noise. The top width of the flat tapered section head is generally about 2 mm smaller than the bottom width. This type of saw blade has high-speed sawing performance when it first enters the sawing state.
The streamlined cutter head is formed in an arc shape at the front end of the diamond cutter head in the direction of rotation, which reduces the resistance and reduces the periodic impact load when sawing. A plurality of streamlined grooves are formed on both sides of the cutter head to reduce the frictional resistance of the cutter head, improve the cooling effect, and facilitate the discharge of sawdust, thereby improving the sawing performance.
In addition, the use of a new type of binder in the sintered material of the diamond cutter head can change the performance of the cutter head carcass, so that the diamond cutter head has a broad-spectrum sawing performance, and is suitable for sawing various soft and hard stone materials.
2.2 diamond bead rope
It has been proven that the geometry of the diamond bead can affect the sawing performance of the diamond bead cord. At present, there is a new type of double convex circular diamond bead, which is formed by diamond injection molding technology on a diamond bead cylinder. Compared with the traditional diamond beaded rope, this new type of diamond beaded rope can increase the sawing speed and reduce the cost of sawing, but the service life is slightly reduced. It is important to use diamond injection molding technology to create other diamond beads with more complex shapes, which provides the possibility to improve the sawing performance of diamond bead ropes. Changing the diamond bead shape is one of the key technologies to improve the sawing performance of diamond bead ropes.
Factors Affecting the Service Life of Diamond Beads In addition to the quality of the diamond, the composition of the diamond beaded carcass, the proportion and the sintering process, the abrasion of sawdust and coolant is also an important factor. In order to prevent the sawdust and the coolant from abrading the beaded rope, the current technical measures are plasticizing treatment, that is, a flexible material such as a thin layer of rubber is coated on the outer surface of the beaded rope, and the diamond bead is bonded and fixed at a certain interval. An elastic wear-resistant material, such as a rubber or resin material, is molded between the diamond beads to form a spacer between the beads to replace the steel coil spring spacer. This plasticizing treatment also changes the rigid contact between the diamond bead and the steel cord and between the diamond bead and the metal spacer to a flexible contact, which enhances the overall flexibility of the diamond bead rope and reduces the bending stress of the diamond bead rope, thereby Increased service life. At the same time, it also improves the force of the diamond on the diamond bead, reduces the chipping and falling off of the diamond, and improves the sawing efficiency.
3 stone sawing process
Experimental studies on single diamond fractured rock show that the working speed of diamond can be as high as 40m/s. It can be seen that the various diamond tools currently used in the stone industry are far from fully exploiting their potential performance. In the international stone processing and import and export trade, marble and granite have always been the bulk products, so the research on the sawing process of marble and granite has been highly valued. Moreover, the stone sawing process also involves the reduction of production costs and the effective use of stone resources.
Study on 3.2.1 marble sawing process
Diamond beaded rope has been used in the sawing of marble for more than 20 years. In order to study its best working conditions and effective sawing parameters, Haccttepe University of Turkey has recently designed an experimental diamond bead wire saw to automatically detect the sawing process. The parameters in the data are stored and analyzed by means of a computer automated program.
Studying the best working conditions of diamond bead wire saws should first analyze the factors affecting the efficiency of the saw blade. Some factors are uncontrollable and some are controllable. The former includes the properties of the stone to be sawed, such as hardness, strength, homogeneity, mineral composition and structural characteristics. The latter includes sawing power, sawing (horizontal or vertical), sawing speed, sawing angle and sawing angle, structure and technical performance of the diamond bead rope, and operator skills. Multivariate statistical analysis of these factors and changes in controllable factors to cope with uncontrollable factors can obtain the best working condition of the diamond bead rope, thereby improving the sawing efficiency and reducing the sawing cost. Using the above-mentioned experimental diamond bead wire saw with sensor and computer automatic program to carry out sawing experiments on different types of marble, the best sawing conditions can be determined, the masonability grading system of marble can be established, and different types of diamonds can be identified. The effect of beaded structure on sawing performance.
3.2 Granite sawing process research
Due to the fierce competition in the international stone market, especially the granite slabs are widely used for the exterior wall finishes of high-rise buildings, the technical requirements should be strict, far from the granite blocks that can be mined by the drilling method. To this end, the use of diamond bead rope to mine granite blocks and sawing granite plates is inevitably subject to the attention of various stone industry countries. The research content includes improving the yield and block quality of block mining, reducing the cost of sawing, promoting accurate and non-destructive sawing process, minimizing the loss of stone resources and destroying the ecological environment.
In the practice of diamond bead wire sawing granite, the direct factor affecting the sawing performance is the sawing parameters, mainly the linear speed of the diamond bead rope, the sawing rate and the sawing angle. Another factor that cannot be ignored is the bending of the diamond bead rope, which tends to aggravate the wear of the diamond bead rope due to the edge effect.
Studies have shown that the larger the sawing angle (the angle between the diamond bead rope and the horizontal plane), the greater the sawing speed (mZ/m), and the increased sawing rate reduces the life of the diamond bead rope, which is represented by diamond beads. The area (mZ/m) of the rope cut per meter length is reduced. However, at the same sawing rate, when the linear speed of the diamond bead rope is 25m/s, the life is lower than this value (20m / s) and longer than this value (30m / s). some.
As the sawing rate increases, the power consumption will increase, but when the line speed is 25m/s, the increase is smaller than the line speed of 20m/s or 30m/s.
It can be seen from the correlation between the above sawing parameters that the life of the diamond bead rope decreases as its line speed, sawing rate, power consumption and sawing angle increase. It should be noted that when the saw blade speed is constant, the increase of the speed of the diamond bead rope is beneficial to the improvement of its life. However, after the optimum value is reached, the line speed is further increased and the life is reduced. Although the increase of the saw angle is beneficial to the improvement of the sawing rate, it also leads to an increase in the wear of the diamond bead rope. It can be seen that the excessive pursuit of the sawing rate will inevitably reduce the service life of the diamond bead rope, that is, the excessive consumption of the diamond bead rope, that is, the cost increases. However, increasing the sawing rate also reduces the cost of power, labor, and the like. Therefore, the best value of the sawing rate with the lowest total cost should be obtained through cost analysis.
3.3 Slate sawing process research
Slate is a kind of metamorphic rock with very fine particles. The slab is developed. The slab is peeled into a hard sheet with a smooth surface. It is widely used as a roofing material in European countries such as the United Kingdom. For a long time, this slate roofing material has been produced by manual splitting method, and the yield is extremely low, and the market is in short supply. There is a slate mine in North Wales, England. The annual mining volume is 2.5 million tons. Only 20,000 tons of roofing materials can be produced by traditional artificial smashing method. The waste of resources can be seen. To this end, the mine was converted to a modern sawing process using a multi-piece diamond circular sawing machine for sawing. The original slate blocks that were not well-organized can not be processed by hand-split method. Now they can be processed by sawing method. The remaining materials in the production process can also be sawed into stone products for building components and interior decoration. The scrap rate is reduced by 20%. %, so that the mining life of the slate mine is from 40 years to 200 years, and the delivery time of the finished product is shortened, the quality of the finished product is improved, and the finished product size can be increased to 50em×30em.
The slate blocks mined from the mine were first sawn into a 54 cm x 34 cm x 45 cm block of the required length and width using a bridge saw. Then, a multi-piece circular saw blade was used to saw a sheet having a thickness of 53 mm in the direction of the cleavage, and the scrap rate generated at this time was about 35%. Finally, a 53 mm thick sheet was cut into two thicknesses of 8 mm by a horizontal circular saw blade and sawn into 50 cm × 30 cm square, four sides chamfered, and the surface was treated by flame method. It has the natural appearance of hand-sand slate roofing tiles.
The strength of the slate is not very high. It is a relatively advanced sawing process to saw a plate with a thickness of only 8 mm by a horizontal sawing method using a diamond circular saw blade. Furthermore, 35% of the scrap produced in the secondary sawing is used as agglomerate or filler after crushing, which improves the comprehensive utilization of stone resources and is worth learning.
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