I. Ammonia poisoning in shipyard in Hyogo , Japan , April 1957
1 , accident overview and after
April 1957, Hyogo, Japan shipyard for repair of the ship's ammonia tank rupture, spray liquid ammonia, 12 people were killed, two seriously injured.
A refrigerating apparatus on board the ship aquaculture company belongs includes three 50-hp compressor 50 and two condenser 100 horsepower.
The ship was taken to the shipyard for overhaul due to the failure of the freezer. On the 2nd day before the accident and on the day of the accident, the shipyard repaired the intake valve, exhaust valve and expansion valve meter of the freezer, and the repair was performed in the workshop. 15 day of the accident 50 minutes, the refrigerator loaded, this time the pressure in the condenser 7. 5kg / cm2 , the temperature is 22 °C.
16:00, more than 10 fitters working in the ship, suddenly receives ammonia tank rupture, emitting a large amount of ammonia, 12 people were killed and two others seriously injured (or both toxic scalding).
2. Causes of accidents and preventive measures
The accident was due to bad welding of the joints. Under the effect of pressure, cracks appeared in the welding area and gradually expanded, eventually forming cracks.
Welding should choose the right electrode, the appropriate thickness of the groove and the correct welding. The interface shall be inspected and cleaned regularly, and the pressure vessel shall be maintained and overhauled. The necessary protective equipment shall be provided at the site.
II. Asphyxiation of the cleaning industry in Aichi Prefecture , Japan in January 1961
1 , accident overview and after
In January 1961 , workers of the cleaning industry in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, suffered from hypoxia asphyxiation in a hospital sewage treatment tank, causing six poisonings, including three deaths.
Regular cleaning job twice in the hospital sewage treatment tank in each year, dispatched two large vacuum trucks, pumping sludge from the 9, but due to excessive sludge, then transferred to small cars reinforcements before the tank Drain dry.
After lunch, a worker at the delivery tank pumping tube, uncomfortable, after up for another 2 people to continue working under the tank, but one of whom collapsed, the other people go for help, two workers who launched the collapsed tank However, at this time, two rescuers also took the case. The driver assistant carried the rope under the slot to save people, but it also fell. After receiving a rescue call, the Fire Protection Department came to the rescue, delivered oxygen to the tank, and rescued all personnel, but three of them died.
 2. Analysis of the cause of the accident
Sewage treatment tanks usually contain high concentrations of methane, carbon dioxide, etc., which can cause asphyxiation, and sometimes H2S . According to analysis, there were 66 in the accident . 5 % methane, 31 . 5% C02 and O. 1 % of H2S . In this environment, it is neither ventilated nor equipped with personal protective equipment, resulting in this major accident.
 3 , measures to prevent similar accidents
1 . Forced ventilation.
2 . The oxygen concentration was tested after forced ventilation, and after confirming that the oxygen concentration was 16 % to 21 %, the operation was possible.
3 . Continue ventilation during work.
4 . If forced ventilation is not available, respiratory masks, oxygen breathing apparatus, and other respiratory protective equipment must be used.
5 . After entering the trough, in order to prevent it, should be a lifeline, and leave 1 person to observe.
Third, April 25, 1988 in Tokyo, Japan Nandi Suo company a factory leakage of dangerous chemicals
1 , accident overview and after
April 25, 1988 afternoon in Tokyo, Japan, 30 miles south of Disuo company Sayama factory leak large amounts of toxic chemicals, which contain 77 lbs of chemicals, these chemicals can poison 35 million people. Leaked toxic chemicals flowing into the Iruma near Tokyo Hanoi, resulting in chemical content of water up to 8. 8ppm , higher than the lethal dose 8 . 8 times, forcing the water supply plant near Tokyo off the water supply, a serious threat to water for the residents of the city of Tokyo. These deadly poisons leak from a pump in the paint production process.
2. Analysis of the cause of the accident
Police believe that the operation of a worker operational errors, did not close the valve, and the other workers do not know this one, mistakenly opened the valve, causing the disaster.
IV. Chlorine leakage from a paper mill in Japan in July 1991
1 , accident overview and after
July 1991, in Japan Shizouka
In Prefechure 's annual production of 4,090 tons of Marui paper mill, there was a chlorine leak that caused more than 100 workers and passers-by to be injured, 10 of whom were sent to the hospital for observation. Gas occurs when a truck driver loaded with aluminum chloride accidentally drives 2 tons of gas into a tank to cause a chemical reaction.
2. Analysis of the cause of the accident
Staff misuse.
This article is from the Internet, edited and compiled by China Rescue Equipment Network. Please indicate the link.
Universal Tensile Testing Machine
A Universal Tensile Testing Machine, also known as a universal testing machine (UTM) or a materials testing machine, is a versatile instrument used to determine the mechanical properties of materials. It is commonly used in industries such as manufacturing, construction, and research laboratories.
The machine applies tension, compression, bending, and shear forces to test the strength, elasticity, and durability of various materials such as metals, plastics, textiles, rubber, ceramics, and composites. It can measure parameters such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, modulus of elasticity, and fracture toughness.
A typical UTM consists of a load frame, grips or fixtures to hold the specimen, a load cell or force transducer to measure the applied force, and a displacement transducer to measure the deformation or displacement of the specimen. The machine is controlled by a computer or a control unit that allows the user to set the testing parameters and record the test data.
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