Pesticides are a general term for pesticides , fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, and agents for regulating crop growth that are used to control agricultural pests. China's annual production and sales of various types of pesticides up to 400,000 tons play an important role in protecting crops' stable yield and high yield. Pesticide is both a means of production and a relief material, but improper use can also cause harm. From production to circulation, all countries have strict management systems and regulations. Farmers friends must carefully identify and use them properly when purchasing and using pesticides, so that they should pay attention to the problem of excessive pesticide residues while increasing production. Here, Jixi City Consumers Association Guangyi City Branch reminds the majority of farmers: to maintain green crops! Be sure to carefully identify and use pesticides.
1. Identification and identification of pesticides:
1. Inspection of outer packaging: according to the national standard GB3796-1986 "General Principles of Pesticide Packaging", the outer packaging box of the pesticide with corrugated cardboard outer packaging container should have a label on the label indicating the name, category, specification, gross weight, production date , batch number, storage and transportation indicators, signs, toxicity signs, production plant names. At the bottom there should also be a color strip parallel to the bottom edge, indicating the type of pesticide.
Color marking strip of pesticide category: herbicide---green; insecticide---red; fungicide ---black; rodenticide---blue; plant growth regulator---dark yellow;
There must be a certificate of conformity and instructions in the outer packaging container of the pesticide. Liquid pesticide preparations should generally not exceed 15 kg per case, and solid pesticide preparations should not exceed 25 kg per bag.
2. Check the inner packaging
The inner packaging of the pesticide preparation must be firmly affixed to the label, or printed directly, marked on a small package. The pesticide label has legal effect. If the user applies the medicine according to the method of use on the pesticide label, there is no medicine effect, and even the phytotoxicity occurs, the manufacturer shall bear full responsibility.
The contents of the label include: product name, specification, dosage form, active ingredient, pesticide registration certificate number, product standard code, production certificate number, net weight or net volume, scope of application, use method, application contraindication, poisoning symptoms and first aid, phytotoxicity, safety Interval, storage requirements, etc. Toxicity signs and pesticide class marks, as well as date of manufacture and lot number, should also be indicated.
The shelf life of pesticides is generally two years. The imported pesticide label should be marked with the Chinese pesticide registration number and the Chinese product name registered in China. The label should be consistent with the domestic pesticide labeling requirements except for the standard code and the production certificate number.
3. Testing physical and chemical properties
Pesticide is divided into two types: the original drug and the preparation (the drug). The original drug is an unprocessed pesticide for processing into a medicinal product. Generally, it is not directly applied. The solid is called the original powder, and the liquid is called crude oil. The raw powder is added with filler and additives to make wettable powder, such as rice net wettable powder.
The crude oil is added with a solvent and an emulsifier to prepare an emulsifiable concentrate such as daisy emulsifiable concentrate. Commonly used pesticides are divided into emulsifiable concentrates, powders, wettable powders, suspending agents, granules and the like.
Emulsifiable oil: It is usually a pale yellow or dark brown single-phase transparent liquid, which is diluted with water and applied. Look at the color when testing (impossible colorless), then look at the emulsifying properties, such as emulsification layered, precipitated or suspended matter, the solution is cloudy, the fluidity is not good, can be judged to be inferior pesticide.
Most of the emulsion pesticides are glass bottles. First observe whether the top and bottom are uniform. If there is delamination, the bottle can be oscillated up and down. If there is no stratification after 1 hour, the pesticide is effective. If stratification still occurs, the pesticide is indicated. expired.
For emulsifiable pesticides, it is also possible to identify organic phosphorus from odor. Garlic scented pyrethroid pesticides generally do not have the above-mentioned odor, but the enemy kills and other irritating odors.
Powder: fineness according to national standards 85% through 200 mesh sieve does not agglomerate and good fluidity can be directly sprayed on the crop. When the identification can be taken, a cup of water can be added to the appropriate amount of powder and stirred for 1 hour. If the powder is completely dissolved, no precipitation is indicated. There is no failure. You can also take a cup of water and gently spread the powder on the water. If the powder is completely infiltrated into the water within 1 minute, the drug does not fail. If the powder does not infiltrate for a long time, the drug has failed.
Powder pesticides, if found to have agglomerated or can be kneaded by hand, indicate that the decomposition of more severe drugs has basically failed.
Wettable powder: It has a certain degree of fineness (95% of the 325 mesh sieve specified by the national standard) can be wetted by water and evenly suspended in water. It should be diluted with water according to the specified multiple times. The qualified product is not agglomerated and is not easy to disperse and wet. The levitation rate is less than 40% in less than 15 minutes; the unqualified product is not easy to disperse and the wetting time is more than 15 minutes.
Suspension agent: viscous liquid sample which can be flowed has good dispersibility and suspension in water. It can be mixed with water in any proportion. It can be separated for a long time without delamination. Even delamination can be restored to the non-stratified state by shaking. After the stratified vibration of the unqualified product, it is difficult to restore the dispersibility and suspension in the water.
Granules: solid preparations with uniform particles and a certain hardness are not easily broken. Generally, they are made by adsorbing certain chemicals with solid fine particles such as sand.
Fumigation tablets: if presented as a powder, it has failed
2. Correct and rational use of drugs is the key to solving the problem of excessive pesticide residues
The main reason for pesticides exceeding the standard is that farmers have not used drugs rationally according to regulations.
First, the use of banned pesticides , such as the country clearly stipulates that highly toxic, highly toxic pesticides can not be used to control pests and diseases can not be used for vegetables, fruits, tea and Chinese herbal medicines, but farmers still will be methylamine, methyl parathion and other dramas The use of poisonous and highly toxic pesticides; the second is to use certain types of pesticides on crops that should not be used; the third is that farmers over-use or over-use pesticides are not strictly harvested according to intervals.
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