Silk has a good gloss dyeability and heat preservation.
It can quickly absorb moisture and release moisture.
Silk fibroin also immobilizes enzymes to help living cells multiply and slowly spread drugs.
Therefore, silk is a promising material for functional polymers and clothing.
However, in some aspects, such as heat resistance and abrasion resistance, it is not as good as another natural fiber. Although cotton does not seem to be functional, it is strong and can be used as a support material.
The feasibility of using new materials for textile fibers and functional materials was determined through the combination of these two distinctive natural polymers, namely silk fibroin and cotton, and this study was carried out for this purpose.
Materials and Methods Fabrication of Fibroin-Cellulose Hybrid Fibers The silk glands in the middle were removed from the mature silkworm of China, and then the epithelial tissues were peeled off.
The exposed material was immersed in distilled water and treated at room temperature for about hours.
Several times of distilled water were changed to remove the sericin, and then the silk fibroin was diluted in distilled water, which was added overnight.
The resulting thick silk fibroin solution was then spread on a plastic petri dish and allowed to dry under a continuous flow of air to obtain a film.
According to the cotton dissolving procedure described by et al., the resulting silk film and commercial raw cotton were dissolved in copper ammonia solution in equal amounts overnight.
In making this solution, copper hydroxide was first added to the two polymers, and then the ratio of ammonia-resistant water per raw cotton and one gram of silk fibroin was added.
The amount of copper hydroxide required for dissolving these materials is such that the ammonia water used for the silk yarn is diluted with the commercial reagent to its original concentration.
The spinning solution polymer concentration was such that the spinning solution was stored in a Teflon tube, and a peristaltic pump (Science, Model No. 1 through a diameter nozzle) was used to distill the spinning solution to cure the solute polymer.
To regenerate the composite fiber, the cured polymer is often introduced in a sulfuric acid bath using a rotating drum.
It is impossible to regenerate a pure silk fibroin fiber with sufficient mechanical strength.
In addition, spinning pure cellulose fibers is also quite difficult.
However, when fibroin is added to cellulosic fibers, spinning of filaments becomes easier.
When the ratio of silk fibroin in the polymerization mixture is increased, the spinnability becomes higher.
Therefore, this test fixes the silk fibroin ratio to this value.
Mechanical properties of the cellulose-fibre mixed fibers The mixed fibroin-cellulose mixed fibers described above were measured together with defibrated silk and regenerated cellulose fibers.
If needed, unoriented film samples were also used.
The infrared absorption spectrum and the differential scanning calorimetry curve of the sample were respectively measured using an infrared spectrophotometer calorimeter.
Using a rheometer designed by one of the authors, the dynamic modulus loss coefficient of the measured sample was measured and a tensile tester designed by the same author was used to measure the sample at a second tensile rate. The strength and elongation.
Using the same tensile tester, the load-elongation curve of the sample was obtained, and the static modulus was calculated from the annual rate of the oblique silk of foreign countries.
A diffraction-wide-angle image of the sample line was taken with a rotary-diffraction device of a Rigaku machine.
Results and Discussion Infrared absorption spectra of various films were shown in the structure diagram of the cellulose-fibre mixed fibers.
The unoriented silk fibroin shows the two-stranded vibrational form of guanamine in the mu, showing the indeterminate vibrational form of the guanamine-workband. When the silk fibroin and the cellulose are mixed, the two bands are moved to and resistant respectively.
Therefore, in the vicinity of the coke, the tensile strain of the silk fibroin is moved to and concentrated in the mu, and the multiple vibrational bands on the nearby fibroin become monotonous.
An increase in the wave number indicates that the corresponding form of interference is reduced, whereas the reduction in the wave number is the opposite.
The disappearance of multiple valleys in the vibratory pattern indicates that silk fibroin does not form a molecular structure.
Thus, the experimental data led us to conclude that the two components of the silk-fibril hybrid fiber are uniformly mixed and, like the polyurethane pulp blended with silk fibroin, some new bonding arrangements are produced.
The association’s desire for greediness and sensation was taken as the infrared absorption spectra of various films of Chuanmeng and b.
Fibroin Regenerated Cellulose Fibres - Cellulose Hybrid Fibers As shown in the figure, various fibers and films have the name "Differential calorimetry curve" for various fibers and films.
Fibroin regenerated cellulose fibroin-cellulose mixed fiber.
The upper unoriented fiber or silk film of the upper oriented fiber (degummed silk used as a silk fibroin sample).
The line is too monotonous to determine its transition temperature.
However, the fibroin-cellulose hybrid fibers exhibited similar images when compared to cellulose fibers having a higher decomposition temperature than silk fibroin.
When compared with the two components in the polymeric compound, the fiber-ray diffraction images of the mixed fibroin are shown in the diffracted images of the mixed fibers of the figure and the diffraction images of the cellulose fibers are similar, however, the diffraction image ratio of the mixed fibers is The cellulose is more ordered, indicating that the fibrous structure of the hybrid fibers is more complete than the cellulose fibers.
The graph of the mechanical properties of the cellulose-fibre mixed fibers represents the load-elongation curve of various fibers.
The strength elongation of these fibers together with the dynamic modulus performance means that the number of measurements of the data in the table is approximately one time.
The strength of silk fibroin-cellulose blends is much lower than that of static silk yarns. These values ​​are much higher than those of fibroin fibers, but they are much higher than those of cellulose fibers.) Cellulose regenerated) fibers are comparable.
The strength and dynamic modulus of the hybrid fiber are retained compared with the vinegar fiber. According to these results, this new hybrid fiber used as clothing can withstand practical use.
However, the hybrid fibers have much lower elongation than commercial silk fibers and are close to cotton fibers.
Fig. Line diffraction pictures of various fibers.
Fibroin degummed silk regenerated cellulose fibroin-cellulose mixed fiber.
The loss tangent of the sample at a predetermined temperature is listed in the table for reference.
To better understand the mixing effect of these two natural polymers, it is helpful to conduct tests including temperature and frequency.
Modulus.
Fibroin-cellulose mixed fibers and the comparative properties of these silk fibroin and regenerated cellulose fibers in terms of mechanical properties, ie, the dynamics of the modulus, the modulus of cooling, the denier (denier strength (years of age) of the eagle's natural and chemical fibers. Mechanical log fibroin regenerated cellulose mixed fiber died.
Advise the Loser to stretch less maps of various fiber load-elongation curves.
Dendritic degummed silk) Regenerated cellulose fibrin-cellulose mixed fiber mixed fiber The dynamic modulus obtained below is the ratio of silk fibroin fibers (the static modulus obtained by static measurement in the elongation chamber for seconds corresponds to The kinetic analyzer was used to determine the dynamic modulus of the silk yarn, natural fiber, silk cotton, chemical fiber, copper, ammonia, and vinegar, year-round, year-of-the-year, Fibre Technology Association, and the dynamic modulus of the silk modulus and dynamic modulus measured in the following year. The difference in amount is produced by the adhesive zone in the fibrous structure, and the difference between the static modulus and the dynamic modulus of the hybrid fiber is much larger than that of the silk fiber, indicating that the former has less crystals than the latter.
This situation also shows that there is still enough room to improve the fibrous structure of the hybrid fibers.
Conclusion A mixed fiber composed of silk fibroin and cellulose has been successfully manufactured.
Despite the various problems with this fiber, its mechanical properties are sufficient to withstand practical applications.
For example, the proper selection of the ratio of silk fibroin and cellulose and the increase of the spinning rate will improve the quality of this new fiber.
This hybrid fiber has great potential for use not only as a cloth but also as a functional polymeric material.
Although untreated silk fibroin layers were used in this study, the authors believe that degummed cocoons can also be used as fibroin sources.
Furthermore, wild silks, such as Japanese tussah silk and ramie silk, can also be used as a silk fibroin component.
As for the cellulose component, other materials than cotton can also be used.
Source Japan Journal of Sericulture 2 Blade.
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