Many acidifiers are known to be used in feeds, but you may not know that the effect of acidifiers on piglet weaning is also very good. In order to expand the knowledge, the following is mainly to analyze the effect of acidifiers on weaning of piglets. The details are as follows:
The appropriate acidity in the digestive tract of piglets is one of the important factors in maintaining the normal function of the digestive system. In early weaned piglets, the development of the digestive system is still immature, and the neurological and endocrine regulation mechanisms have not been fully established. Therefore, within 3 to 4 weeks after weaning, the pH value in the digestive tract of piglets is higher than that before weaning. The high pH in the digestive tract of weaned piglets not only affects the activity of digestive enzymes in the small intestine, but also causes the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, leading to nutritional diarrhea in piglets and severely restricting the production potential of piglets. In pig production, it is found that adding acidifier to the diet of weaned piglets can increase the acidity of the digestive tract of piglets, stimulate the activity of digestive enzymes, improve the digestion of piglets on nutrients, and promote intestinal adaptation after piglet weaning. As soon as possible. This paper mainly reviews the effects of different types of acidifiers on weaned piglets and the factors affecting their effects. It provides a basis for effective and rational use of acidifiers in regulating the weaning adaptability of piglets, maintaining intestinal health of piglets and improving piglet performance. .
First, the effect of acidifier on weaned piglets
1, the role of organic acidifiers
Organic acids have been used as additives in weaned pig diets for more than 40 years. As early as 1963, Nature published a study on the addition of lactic acid to piglet diets. Regarding the effect of organic acids on weaned piglets, most studies have shown that organic acids can improve piglet performance, which may be related to increased nutrient digestibility and reduced diarrhea rates.
2, the effect of inorganic acidifiers
There are inconsistencies in the effects of inorganic acidifiers on the performance of weaned piglets. On the one hand, studies have suggested that the addition of inorganic acids to weaned pig diets may alter the electrolyte balance of the diet or affect the palatability of the feed, so inorganic acidifiers are not conducive to piglet growth; on the other hand, studies have found that hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid is used for acidification. Addition of the agent to the weaned pig diet can increase the effective phosphorus content of the piglet diet or supplement the stomach acid, so the inorganic acid can play a positive role in the growth of the piglets (see Table 2).
3, the effect of organic acid salt
Adding organic acid salts such as formate and propionate to weaned pig diets tends to work better than adding a single free organic acid to promote piglet growth. This may be due to the organic acid salt having no bad odor and soluble. It is water-free, has low volatility, and is easy to control and lose less during feed processing. In addition, organic acid salts are less corrosive to feed equipment. Studies have shown that the addition of formate in the diet of weaned piglets can promote piglet growth and improve feed utilization, and the effect is better than the addition of formic acid alone; there are also studies indicating that formate is used in the diet of weaned piglets. The effect of the action with formic acid is better than that of formic acid alone.
4, the role of complex acidifiers
The composite acidifier is a product obtained by blending various organic acids and inorganic acids in a certain ratio. Most complex acidifiers are based on an organic acid such as a phosphoric acid based complex acidifier and a lactic acid based complex acidifier. Due to the good buffering performance of the composite acidifying agent, the pH value can be quickly lowered, the material to weight ratio is improved, and the nutritional diarrhea is reduced, so that the acidifying agent tends to develop from a single type to a composite system. A large number of tests have also shown that the composite acidifier is superior to the single acidifier in improving the performance of piglets.
5, the effect of coating acidifiers
In recent years, there have been many reports on the problem of adding acidifiers to the weaned stress syndrome in weaned piglets at home and abroad, but most of the acidifiers involved in these reports have not been protected. It is easy to release quickly in the stomach, but not in the small intestine and large intestine. In order to extend the acidification of the acidifying agent to the intestinal tract of the piglet and maintain the intestinal health of the piglet, the acidifying agent may be coated with a microcapsule preparation or a lipid protective outer membrane. Bosi et al. (2007) added 0.5% free fatty acid-coated acidifier to the diet of weaned piglets. The pH values ​​of piglets' stomach, ileum and cecum were lower than those of the control group, and the daily weight gain and feed intake of piglets were increased. . Piva et al. (2007) also obtained the same results by adding 0.4% fat-coated microcapsule slow-release acidulant to the diet of early weaned piglets.
Second, the factors affecting the effect of acidifiers
1, organic acid
Various organic acids differ in their use effects due to differences in molecular structure, molecular weight, dissociation constant, and solubility. Although the addition of an acidulant to the diet of young animals is beneficial to the growth of the animal, the excessive amount of the additive leads to an increase in the cost of the feed, and may also cause a decrease in the performance of the animal; the amount of the acidifier additive is insufficient and the acidification is not achieved. Studies have shown that the addition of organic acidifiers in diets of weaned piglets exceeds 1% and can promote piglet growth.
2, the composition and characteristics of the diet
The effect of the acidifier may be affected by dietary ingredients and growth promoting factors. Burnell et al (1988) found that adding 0.5% or 10% organic acids to corn-soybean meal diets improved the daily weight gain of piglets better than corn-soybean meal-whey powder type diet, which may be related to milk. It is related to lactose fermentation in products. The study also found that acidifiers have an interaction with high copper and antibiotics in the diet of weaned piglets. In addition, the characteristics of the diet, such as buffer capacity, palatability, etc. may also affect the effect of the acidifier.
3, the age and weight of
Immediately after weaning, the piglet is added with an appropriate amount of acidifier in the diet to increase the intake of the feed and improve the performance of the piglet. However, as the weaning age of the piglet increases, the effect of the acidifier is weakened, which may be due to With the growth of piglets, the digestive tract develops gradually, the gastric acid secretion capacity is enhanced, and the digestive function is gradually improved. Therefore, the addition of acidifier to the diet does not achieve the desired effect. Cranwell (1985) found that the output of gastric acid was linearly related to body weight from birth to 5 to 6 weeks of age, so the effect of exogenous acid addition decreased as the weight of piglets increased.
4, other influencing factors
Hygienic conditions, stocking density, housing temperature, humidity, and various stress factors in the pig house may affect the effect of the acidifier. The effect of the acidifier is often better than the environment where the feeding environment is poor (especially the sanitary conditions), which may be due to the ability of the acidifier to inhibit or kill harmful microorganisms in poor environmental conditions. The anti-stress effect is more pronounced.
The acidifier can enhance the growth of the piglets by adjusting the acidity level of the digestive tract of the piglets and enhancing the adaptability of the piglets after weaning. In the production of pigs, the rational selection and utilization of acidifier products is of great significance for relieving the weaning stress of piglets and exerting the growth potential of piglets.
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