[China Aluminum Industry Network] "Aluminum realizes sustainable development in its life cycle, and the aluminum industry involves a series of sectors such as bauxite, alumina, carbon electrodes, power supply, electrolytic aluminum, aluminum processing, and waste aluminum recycling. Resources and energy-intensive industries are also one of the important areas for China's energy industry to save energy and reduce emissions, and take a low-carbon path.†Professor Nie Yiren of Beijing University of Technology said at a high-level forum for aluminum applications recently held that aluminum is a national economic development and development. The key basic materials are widely used in various fields such as construction, transportation, packaging, electric power, aerospace, machine manufacturing, and information industry.
Since the realization of sustainable development in the aluminum life cycle into the 21st century, the International Aluminum Association (IAI) has jointly developed a multinational aluminum company in developed countries and successively formulated the "World Alumina Technology Development Guide" and "Aluminum Industry Technology Development Guide". Product and market, energy and resources, and sustainable development, and support the use of international standards for environmental management and evaluation of quantitative analysis tools - Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method to assess the impact of aluminum production on climate change and aluminum industry Sustainable development.
“One of the main goals of the aluminum industry in combating climate change is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at all stages of the aluminum product life cycle.†Nie Yiren believes that aluminum is widely used in the transportation sector because of its advantages of lighter weight. It not only reduces energy. Consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, and its lightweight properties are key to the development of the aerospace industry. Another important sustainability feature of aluminum is its recyclability, which is an important part of aluminum product life cycle GHG emission reduction evaluation studies.
As early as 1992, the European Aluminum Association (EAA) carried out the collection of data concerning the life cycle indicators of aluminum production and manufacturing companies in major European countries. In 1996, it published a report on the frontier ecological profile. The research results of the greenhouse gas emission inventory at all stages of the aluminum life cycle show that the power consumption in the aluminum electrolysis process, the direct emission of the aluminum electrolysis process and the production of alumina are the main phases of the greenhouse gas emissions in the aluminum industry chain, and the three phases account for its entire life. 83% of the cycle emissions.
The sustainability attribute is the recyclability of aluminum. “The energy required for the production of recycled aluminum is only about 5% of the energy required to extract primary aluminum from the ore, and the high intrinsic value of aluminum scrap makes it economically attractive for recycling.†Nie Yiren is full of confidence in aluminum applications. It is estimated that about 75% of the original aluminum produced in the world is still being recycled. The current level of technology can guarantee the quality of aluminum and its alloys during remelting and reuse. Therefore, recycling is the basis for the sustainability of most aluminum products. It not only saves raw materials and energy, but also reduces the reliance on landfill sites.
Aluminum applications reduce CO2 emissions Research by the International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that nearly 20% of man-made greenhouse gas emissions are generated by the transportation sector. The transportation industry plays an important role in human society and economic development. Therefore, we must provide services to human beings in a safer, energy-saving and environmentally friendly manner. However, in 2000 alone, the use of transportation vehicles emitted about 7.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gases, and this number is still increasing.
"Under the current technological conditions, aluminum components are used in the design of automotive parts, which have obvious advantages in terms of energy conservation and greenhouse gas emission reduction," Nie said.
According to the research report of the International Society of Automotive Engineers, the primary energy consumption and environmental impact of the automobile throughout its entire life cycle, including the three types of steel, aluminum, and magnesium front-end components, including material recycling, vary greatly.
If the distance traveled is used as a benchmark, when a car with magnesium alloy components is used as a component to achieve a transportation distance of 128,000 km, the energy consumption of automobiles with magnesium components and steel components during the entire life cycle is equal. That is to say, since the energy consumption of magnesium in the raw material production stage is far greater than that of steel, after the critical transportation distance is exceeded, the car with magnesium material components will show energy-saving effect.
Compared with aluminum and steel, the total energy consumption is equal when the corresponding critical transportation distance reaches 35,000 kilometers.
Considering the current technological level and the 200,000-kilometer life cycle of vehicles, aluminum has better environmental performance than magnesium. Similarly, there is a huge difference in greenhouse gas emissions over the entire automotive life cycle of steel, aluminum, and magnesium. Compared with steel, the magnesium component production process will emit more greenhouse gases. Therefore, the critical distance between magnesium and steel in greenhouse gas emissions (144,000 km) is greater than the critical transportation distance (128,000 km) in energy consumption assessment. However, in the early stage of its life cycle (after transport distance of 35,000 kilometers), the aluminum front-end components have been more effective than steel and magnesium in greenhouse gas emission reduction.
Reducing the weight of transport vehicles is an important way to reduce energy consumption, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve fuel efficiency. The Institute of Energy and Environment (IFEU) of the Heidelberg Research Center for Environmental Studies studied the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of different types of vehicles after implementing light-weight measures. Research shows that within a vehicle's life cycle, a car with a mass reduction of 100 kilograms can save 300 to 800 liters of fuel, while for taxis and city buses, fuel savings can exceed 2,500 liters; at the same time, it reduces by about 9 per kilometre. The carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas emissions shows that lighter weight has an important positive significance for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the automotive industry.
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