First, the cause of the dead tree of fruit trees
1. Long-term fertilizers are at the forefront, and fruit trees bear the brunt.
For more than 30 years, long-term application of chemical fertilizers such as diammonium, urea, potassium sulfate, compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer has destroyed the soil and caused many catastrophic problems for fruit trees.
First, the long-term use of chemical fertilizers, the soil organic matter is seriously deficient, many orchards organic matter fell below 0.6%, beneficial bacteria lost their living environment, harmful bacteria multiply, the roots are affected by fungi, causing rotten dead trees.
Second, due to the serious lack of organic matter in the soil, soil compaction, poor ventilation, affecting the robust growth of the roots.
The third is long-term chemical fertilizers, causing severe acidification of the soil, especially the manganese poisoning phenomenon in the sandstone mountain area.
Fourth, the long-term excessive nitrogen fertilizer caused the branches to be long, and the results were serious in large and small years. The tree was weak and not strong, and the rot was serious.
Fifth, long-term attention to a large number of elements, neglecting the application of medium and micro nutrient, the soil trace elements are severely depleted, the physiological diseases are serious, and the quality of the fruit is reduced.
2, a large number of unfermented and decomposed farmyard manure, resulting in rotten dead trees.
A large number of unfertilized and decomposed people, livestock and poultry manure are directly applied to the soil of the orchard. The large amount of pathogens, pests and salt carried by them will cause serious damage to the root system, and severe cases will cause rotten roots and dead trees. In order to save labor and effort, the use of hole application, ditch application, digging ditch (hole) is small and small, filling the fertilizer with the hole, covering the soil, burning the root is also a common phenomenon.
The root system of apples is mainly distributed in the range of 20-80 cm below the surface, and the concentrated distribution layer is about 40 cm below the surface. In the past few years, some fruit farmers have saved labor and labor, digging and fertilizing more and more shallow, and even spreading fertilizer on the ground or waiting for rain. The roots follow the fat, and the roots of the fruit trees are led to the surface year after year. They are neither drought-resistant nor resistant to phlegm, and are not conducive to the absorption and utilization of fertilizer. The serious consequence of the root system is that the stress resistance of the fruit tree becomes worse. When it encounters drought, phlegm and freezing, it is easy to cause dead branches and dead trees.
3. Long-term abandonment of soil management has intensified soil compaction.
The orchard will not be planed for a long time. The spring and summer herbicides all rely on herbicides, only weeds are eliminated, and the soil permeability cannot be dredged. As a result, the living soil layer is in a state of severe compaction for a long time, and the root system of the fruit tree is led to the surface layer, which is neither drought-resistant nor resistant. After the rain, the soil was poorly ventilated, and the roots were suffocated and a lot of fallen leaves.
4, the tree body storage is seriously inadequate, which is the main cause of rot disease.
Orchard households with normal strengthening management, spraying and leaf protection, summer topdressing, autumn application of basic fertilizer, all management in place, keeping the tree storage nutrient sufficient, winter and spring rot are rare, fruit setting rate is high, young fruit is swollen quickly The new shoots are thick, the leaves are thick, and the black hair is bright. Abandoned management of the orchard households, no topdressing in summer, no application of base fertilizer in autumn, severe deficiency of tree nutrition, causing rot disease to flood, many fruit trees were shaved. Some of the surviving fruit trees, flowering full of trunks and shrinking on the trees, have few small apples, yellow leaves and small leaves like artichokes. It can be seen that the autumn application of the base fertilizer and the adequate storage of the tree in winter are not only the key to keeping the tree strong and resisting the infection of rot, but also the basis for ensuring high yield and quality of the next year. Therefore, many experts have called for: the autumn Shiji fertilizer is “goldenâ€, the winter application base fertilizer is “silverâ€, and the spring application base fertilizer is “broken copper and ironâ€.
5. The drainage facilities are blocked, and the drainage is not smooth.
In the past, in the orchard, the canopy was high and there was no water after the heavy rain. Low between rows, watering in dry days, and drainage after heavy rain. There is a drainage ditch at the head of the orchard. After the heavy rain, it will drain smoothly, and generally it will not accumulate water. In recent decades, some have filled the ground drains and coveted a few more fruit trees, which is convenient for tricycles to fill in and drain the ditch. These have caused embarrassment in the orchard.
Second, the solution to the problem of rotten dead trees
1. Change the sense of fertilization and get out of the misunderstanding of the fertilizer. Promote the application of farmyard manure; in particular, the application of high-quality commercial bio-organic fertilizer. If the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are insufficient, they can be supplemented with Tianji brand nitro compound fertilizer; vigorously advocate the use of fruit trees, weeds, straw smash and buried underground to improve soil aeration.
Farmyard manure, including human, livestock and poultry manure, must be mixed with soil and fully fermented and fermented. Chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung, etc. in the farm are mainly caused by hormones, caustic soda and salt. First, the soil is fermented and fermented, and the fruit is not suitable for continuous application.
However, it should be noted that all chlorine-containing fertilizers such as compound fertilizers, compound fertilizers and organic-inorganic fertilizers produced with ammonium chloride and potassium chloride must be banned on fruit trees.
2. Improve fertilization methods and strengthen soil management. Application of fermented and decomposed farmyard manure should be finely sprinkled and smashed into the soil by using hoeing planers to prevent excessive concentration of burned roots. Application of bio-organic fertilizers, compound fertilizers, whether it is ring-shaped or radial trenching, one is more radial digging (8-10); the second is the annular trenching; the third is deep and 30 cm deep . The fertilizer is widely exposed to the roots of the fruit trees. Sprinkle with fertilizer and soil and mix well to cover the soil to prevent the piles from burning the roots.
For soil management, it is necessary to insist on a whole planing orchard every spring, which not only keeps the aerobic layer well ventilated, but also prevents the root system from being led to the surface layer. In the spring and summer, the herbicide should be used less, and the four-wheel micro tillage machine should be used more, and the grass should be eliminated in time to keep the topsoil loose and well ventilated. In particular, in the case of continuous heavy rain, it is necessary to ventilate in time after the rain to prevent the root suffocation from causing a large number of fallen leaves.
3. Apply enough base fertilizer in autumn to increase storage nutrition. It is necessary to fully understand the sufficient nutrient storage of fruit trees in winter, which is not only the basis for ensuring the robustness of the tree, but also the key to ensuring the high yield and quality of the fruit in the next year. Early harvesting of fruit trees such as large cherry, apricot, peach, plum, walnut, grape, early and middle ripe pear, apple, etc., in September to complete the task of autumn application of base fertilizer. Hawthorn, chestnut and late-ripening varieties of apples, pears, peaches and other fruit trees, after harvesting in October, must grab time to apply enough base fertilizer, when the sensation is good, after the fall can also bring fruit fertilizer.
4. Unblock the drainage system to prevent water from accumulating in the orchard. In the orchard, through the whole planing orchard, the trunk is raised 15-20 cm to form a hatchback shape to prevent water from accumulating under the tree after heavy rain. The line between the fruit trees is 15-20 cm below the canopy. The dry days can be watered smoothly, and the rain can be drained smoothly after heavy rain.
5. Strengthen soil improvement and scientifically replant young trees. If the lower part belongs to the sticky soil, you must dig a large hole (1-1.2 m deep, 1-1.5 m square), fill the topsoil, sand and weeds, straw and other organic matter in the middle and lower parts to create a loose Live soil layer. All fruit trees that die from rotten roots have many harmful germs in the ground, and small fruit trees are replanted. First, it is not easy to survive. Second, even if it grows, it is not prosperous.
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