For the production method of dairy silage, after years of experimentation and practice, people have obtained successful experience. The following eight words are summarized, namely, sputum, material, net, water, broken, fast, real and strict.
(1) 窖, that is, the silage shovel should be dug to choose a site with high terrain, solid soil, low groundwater level, leeward sun, close to the barn, a certain open space around, and convenient for transporting raw materials. There are three types of rafts: underground and above-ground and semi-underground. The former is suitable for places with low groundwater level and good soil quality; the latter two are suitable for places with high groundwater level and poor soil quality. The size of the volume should be calculated based on the number of cattle raised. The silage required for each adult cow is about 15 cubic meters. The hoe should be dug well about 1 week before the silage, so that the sunlight can be sterilized. If the old hoe is used, it should be cleaned and repaired in advance, and brushed with lime water once. The depth of the silo is generally 2m and the width of the raft is 4m. The wall must be straight and smooth, preferably the upper mouth is larger than the lower mouth, and the corner is blunt.
(2) Material, which means that silage raw materials should be selected. After years of practice, corn stalks, especially multi-ear corn stalks, are the best raw materials for dairy cow silage; followed by superior sorghum stalks, because they contain higher sugar, so silage good results. The two can be stored separately or mixed. Both corn stalks and sorghum stalks are straws after harvesting grain. As raw materials for silage, they should be kept in a green state for processing. Even if the leaves are dry, the stalks cannot be dried. Other straws are generally not used to make dairy silage.
(3) Net means that the silage raw materials should be clean, and foreign materials such as dirt, feces, iron wire and wood chips should not be mixed in the raw materials, and the raw materials that are spoiled and deteriorated must not be allowed to enter. In the production process of silage, special care should be taken to prevent contamination by mud. If the soil enters the ground, the silage will deteriorate. The root parts of corn and sorghum cannot be used for silage. If you find the raw materials with roots and soil, you should stop storing and wait for it, and never let it mix into the sputum.
(4) Water means that the water content of the raw material should be appropriate. Generally, the water content of the raw material should be about 70%. The method of checking the moisture content of the raw material is: firmly grasping the raw materials with both hands, and it is better to use the fingers to sew out the water drops without dropping them down. If the raw material is too dry, sprinkle some water, then immediately stir and step on it to achieve the purpose of adding water evenly and preventing moisture from being released again. If the raw material is too wet, the raw materials are dried in the sun and then processed. In addition, in the processing of ammoniated silage, the addition of ammonia or urea can be carried out simultaneously with the addition of water. During silage, the temperature should be checked frequently. The usual simple method is to explore the temperature of the raw material at a depth of about 30cm in the sputum. If the body temperature exceeds the normal body temperature (37 °C), water should be added to cool down. It is worth noting that the water should not be excessive, and the water content of the raw materials should be kept at around 70%. Otherwise, the lactic acid bacteria cannot be propagated normally.
(5) Broken, that is, the raw material should be chopped and cut into small pieces with a length of about 4cm by a lawn mower or a grass cutter. If it is found to be too long, it should be sharpened immediately. The raw materials are cut into pieces, easy to be packed tightly, which is good for draining the air, and can also exude the sugar juice in the straw for the growth and reproduction of the lactic acid bacteria.
(6) Fast, that is, the speed of silage should be fast. Silage is a very time-sensitive work. To be transported, cut, installed, and stepped (pressed), after a full storage, it should be quickly sealed. Hey, the purpose is to avoid the loss of water and nutrients by allowing the sun to dry for a long time, avoiding the elongation process and causing the raw materials to deteriorate in the crucible. For the particularly tender green straw, it should be exposed to sunlight for 1 day to 2 days after cutting, and then stored for a small amount of water, which can promote the death of plant cells and kill some parasitic microorganisms, which is conducive to silage success.
(7) In fact, it means that the raw materials should be packed and compacted, and one side should be cut, especially on the four sides and four corners of the crucible. Pay special attention to the actual compaction. The storage material should be filled to a height of about 60cm and then sealed. After the material sinks, it can naturally fall to the level of the crucible, and it can also play a compacting effect. When filling large silos, it can be compacted by vehicles such as chain tractors. The purpose of compaction is mainly to exhaust the air and squeeze the juice to facilitate the growth and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria. In short, the more the raw materials are pressed, the better. This is more important.
(8) Strict means that the silage is to be tightly sealed and the silo is not airtight or watertight. Especially for the dome, 15cm thick wet sorghum stalk should be laid on the raw material. If a plastic film is covered, it is better, then the soil cover is added, and the cover soil thickness is 70cm or more. When covering the soil, it should be divided into two layers. The lower layer of soil should be stepped on one foot and the surface should be smoothed. The upper layer of soil can be shot with a shovel, so that the crack can be filled by itself. . At the same time, it is necessary to observe frequently. If there is a phenomenon of subsidence and cracks, it should be sealed in time. Keep the dome well drained and prevent rain and air from entering the raft. In the winter, the snow on the dome should be swept away. In short, silos must be tightly closed, and the stricter the better, just like a tight canned bottle, it is very important to call it silage "canned grass."
The above aspects of dairy cow silage production essentials, although not systematically coherent, but as long as you do this, silage is sure to succeed. Among them, we must pay special attention to the two aspects of "strictness" and "reality".
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