According to the report of the American Physicist Organization Network on March 21, an international research team has acquired new types of qubits through a single electron, so that future data processing can include more basic elements than "0" and "1". In addition, previously qubits can only exist in larger vacuum chambers, and new qubits can be generated in semiconductors. This represents an important progress in the development of quantum computing. The relevant research report was published in the recently published "Nature Nanotechnology" magazine.
Researchers say that the basic unit of data processing today is the "0" and "1" bit states. Electrons in one channel of a dual channel will advance along a designated parallel branch and can only pass one electron at a time. With tunnel coupling, electrons can switch back and forth between channels, thus presenting two different states. In fact, electrons will fly in both orbits simultaneously, and the two states will overlap.
In order to encode these states, the charge of the electrons is critical. Although electrons also have other properties, the charge is exactly what is needed for qubits. The extension from bits to qubits can significantly increase the computer's computing power.
One qubit corresponds to a single electron with a particular state. Researchers can use a single electron to encode through the trajectory of two closely adjacent channels. In essence, two different states are possible: the electrons either move on the upper channel or move on the lower channel, and then form a binary system. However, according to quantum theory, a particle can maintain multiple states at the same time, that is, it can approximate the simultaneous leap of two channels. These overlapping states can form a wide range of data processing characters.
In order to generate qubits with different states, the researchers allowed individual electrons to interfere with each other. This is the so-called Aharonov-Bohm effect: driven by an applied voltage, electrons can leap solids with semiconductor properties. In this solid, their flight path is forked and recombined. Therefore, each electron can fly through two possible paths at the same time. When the two paths are reunited together, interference will occur. For example, two electron waves will overlap, and multiple qubits with different overlapping states will It is produced.
Typically, a beam of electrons travels through different paths while passing through a solid. Because of impurities in the material, it loses its own phase information and therefore loses its ability to code a particular state. In order to maintain these phase information, the researchers cultivated high-purity gallium arsenide crystals and used the dual-channel method proposed by Andreas Vick, professor of physics at the University of Bochum, in Germany, 20 years ago.
An electron can reach the bifurcation through dual channels, and the tunnel coupling allows electrons to leap at two different paths at the same time. The phase of the electron wave will also be maintained through coupling. Similarly, the research team also used dual channels when electron waves re-polymerized at the split ends. With this method, they are able to produce qubits that have a definite state and are suitable for information encoding. The researchers said that not all electrons will participate in this process, and the electronics involved are still a small part, but they have already begun to try to use crystals with higher electron density to increase the electronic participation rate. (Zhang Hao)
Under the measurement conditions, continuous flow, memory and display of the total amount of cold (hot) water flowing through the enclosed full pipe.
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