For the selection of live rapeseed, it is advisable to use early and middle-ripening varieties with short growth period, strong anti-falling resistance, low plant height, excellent quality, anti-cracking angle and suitable mechanized harvesting, such as Hope 699, Zhongshuang 11 and Chuangcha 5 And other varieties.
Prepare for paddy fields with low groundwater level, good soil quality and fertile soil before sowing. Appropriate drying of the fields should be carried out on the foreland paddy fields for about 10 days before rice harvesting and when the rice hooks are scattered seeds. In the harvest of single-season rice, the rice paddy is required to be harvested, and the height of the rice pile is controlled below 10 cm, and the pile cannot be left. After harvesting late rice, apply 1000-1500 kg or 25% compound fertilizer 25~30 kg per mu, 15~20 kg of superphosphate, 5 kg of potassium chloride, 1 kg of zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer, mix evenly. After the whole field surface is spread as a base fertilizer, and then immediately open the three ditch (slot, gutter, and fur), the width of the raft is 1.5 meters, the width of the gully is 20~30 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 15~20 cm; Larger, the center also needs to open the waist groove, the waist groove is 20 cm wide and the groove depth is 30 cm; the groove groove is 20 cm wide and the groove depth is about 35 cm. Break the ditch and spread it evenly on the surface.
Tillering is based on the harvest time of the previous rice, and sowing should be done sooner rather than later. The mid-rice field rapeseed is required to be planted before September 25, and a combination with a longer growth period is selected. In the double-season late rice field, rapeseed is required to be planted before October 25, and the varieties with shorter growth period are selected. The seeding rate depends on the germination rate of the seed and the soil moisture. It is generally 200~250 grams per mu. The sowing method can be carried out by stripping, hole sowing or spreading, etc., and the seeding and hole sowing methods are better. The sowing depth of the hole sowing is generally 3~3.5 cm, the row spacing is 30~33 cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm. 4 to 5 seeds per hole, ensuring 7000 to 8000 points per acre. The line spacing is 30~35 cm. When planting by hand, you can bring the scales to the field and divide the seeds for quantitative seeding. Generally, 20 kg of dry fine soil and 1 kg of borax are mixed per mu, and the seeds are mixed and then planted. If spread, the dry fine soil, borax and seeds can be mixed directly on the side of the car. First broadcast the quantitative 2/3, and then use the remaining 1/3 to make up the whole, and strive to make the whole field uniform. If the planting period is later, if it is late in mid-October, the amount of seed per acre can be increased to 300 grams. If the soil is in poor condition, it is necessary to fight drought in time to ensure a full seedling.
After applying the fertilized rapeseed, the seed fertilizer is applied. Generally, 500 kg of soil mixed fertilizer per acre (no soil and fertilizer can be used instead of fine soil) and 10 kg of phosphate fertilizer are mixed and sprinkled in the seeding ditch or the seeding hole. If it is spread, 50 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied to the car surface per mu after sowing.
Intercropping and weeding combined with cultivating and topdressing, early and fixed seedlings. In the cotyledon stage of seedlings, it is necessary to check the seedlings in time to replant and remove the clusters. The live broadcast is usually in the 2~3 leaf time seedlings, and the seedlings are fixed at 4~5 leaves. After the third ditch is opened, the mu is sprayed evenly with 41% glyphosate water 200-300 ml plus 50 kg of water, and directly sown 2 to 3 days after administration. Before the sputum, the field was planted immediately after the hoe, and the herbicide was selected according to the grass condition. The rape field mainly based on grass weeds could be used with 10.8% of high-efficiency flupirtine emulsifiable concentrate 20~30 ml to 50 kg of water. Spray in the 3~5 leaf stage of weeds; mainly based on broad-leaved weeds, use 10% of the herbicide to remove 25-50 ml of water to 50 kg of water, and spray it in the 6~8 leaf stage of rapeseed.
After chemical control to promote the growth of the seedlings, use 15% paclobutrazol WP 50g per acre to spray 50~60kg of water once to prevent high seedlings.
In the cultivating and cultivating soil, the no-tillage live rapeseed has not been ploughed, the soil is compacted, and there are many weeds. At the same time, it is not suitable for rooting. Therefore, it must be ploughed 2 to 3 times in the seedling stage, and combined with cultivating to cultivate soil and roots to prevent lodging.
Timely topdressing and light application of seedling fertilizer, combined with medium and fixed seedlings (3~5 leaf stage), using 250~500 kg of human animal fat for 3 kg of urea and 150 g of borax, can also be used for rapeseed special compound fertilizer 50 kg plus urea 5 ~8 kg of applicator. Before the winter, apply a wax fertilizer, mainly semi-rotten pigs, cowgrass, grass and ash, planting seedlings, using 10 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, applied to the vicinity, urea can also be used 5 kg, potassium chloride 4 kg in the leaves The sun with no dew is applied in the evening. Apply a manure after the spring, generally apply 500~750 kg of manure and manure plus 2 kg of urea and 0.2 kg of boron fertilizer to the water. At the initial flowering stage and the flowering stage, the leaves were sprayed twice with fertilizer, and each time the mu was sprayed with 0.15 kg of boron fertilizer and 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Drought-resistant and anti-staining is dry in autumn and winter, and is generally irrigated 1 or 2 times. At the same time, insist on doing a good job before the rain. Protect the roots, clear the ditch after the rain, prevent sputum and stains, and reduce the humidity in the field.
Prevention and control of pests and diseases Because the density of live rapeseed is higher than that of seedling transplanting, it is generally in the period of convulsions, and the work of yellowing leaves and foot leaves is done to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and reduce pests and diseases. At the seedling stage, we focus on controlling aphids and cabbage caterpillars. The flowering period focuses on the prevention of sclerotinia.
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