Balsam Pear Whitening Disease
Characteristics of the disease: the whole plant withered, the stem base is entangled with white fungus or rapeseed-like brown brown nucleolus, and the affected part becomes brown and rot. A large number of white fungus and brown sclerotia were observed on the soil surface.
The law of onset: the pathogens are covered with bacteria and sclerotia along with the diseased bodies in the soil for winter, and they are transmitted from the wounds by means of irrigation water and rainwater. After the onset, the sclerotia is transmitted by means of running water or by contact with adjacent plants by hyphae climbing to re-infect the disease. The hot and humid weather is conducive to the onset. Continuous planting, soil acidity, sandy soil with good permeability, and application of unfertilized soil and fertilizer, often have a serious onset.
Control methods: (1) Avoid serious crops in seriously ill. (2) In time to check, the diseased plants were found to be removed and burned in time, and 150 kg of mycorrhizal water was used near the diseased hole to irrigate the roots. (3) Prevention-oriented, comprehensive management.
Bitter melon perforation disease
Characteristics of the disease: mainly damage the leaves. The leaf spot is nearly round, yellowish brown to yellowish white or grayish white, and the transverse diameter ranges from 1 mm to several millimeters. The spot has large black spots with large needles. In the later stage, the lesion tissue is easy to fall off into leaf perforation, and the necrotic tissue remains on the periphery of the perforation patch. The disease is quite similar to the cerebrospinal leaf spot disease. The difference is that the disease is characterized by small black spots rather than mildew, and most of them are perforated spots.
The law of onset: the pathogens survived in the soil with the mycelium and the spores and the diseased remains in the soil, and the conidia were used as the invading and re-invasion inoculation, and the infection was transmitted by rainwater sputtering. Warm and humid weather is good for the disease.
Control methods: (1) Selection of resistant varieties. (2) Combined prevention and control of anthracnose. (3) Spray with 50% Anrik 800 times solution.
Bitter Melon Powdery Mildew
Bitter gourd powdery mildew is a fungal disease that occurs on the leaves, petioles and stems of plants.
Control methods: (1) Firstly, the rotation should be carried out. Do not mix with the cucurbit vegetables. Before the planting, the ground new high-fat membrane anti-soil layer is knotted, the source of pests and diseases is isolated, and the emergence rate is improved. (2) Seed treatment. Before sowing, soak the seeds with warm water of about 55 °C, continue to soak for 12 hours after natural cooling, seed dressing with new high-fat film before sowing, repel the underground pests, strengthen the breathing intensity, and increase the germination rate of the seeds. (3) Strengthen cultivation and management of fertilizer and water, apply nitrogen fertilizer appropriately, and reduce the humidity in the field. Pay attention to clearing ditch drainage in rainy days to prevent waterlogging. In the pre-flowering, young fruiting stage and fruit expansion period, spray the strong melon to make the cucurbits thicker, strengthen the nutrient transport, enhance the plant's stress resistance, and promote the rapid development of the melon body. Make the melon shape beautiful, juicy and delicious. (4) Chemical control. When the central diseased plant is found, it is necessary to spray the agent and add a new high-fat film to form a protective film in time to isolate the pathogenic bacteria and prevent the bacteria from spreading the infection again by the wind and rain.
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